Después de 100 horas de escaneo con una máquina de resonancia magnética, se ha podido crear una serie de imágenes tridimensionales de un cerebro humano.
Las imágenes se crearon usando un poderoso sistema de resonancia magnética (MRI por sus siglas en inglés), y su resolución permite ver objetos tan pequeños como de 0.1 milímetros de ancho.
«Nunca hemos visto el cerebro así», dice el ingeniero eléctrico Priti Balchandani, de la Escuela de medicina Icahn.
Cabe decir que el ingeniero no tiene ninguna relación con el estudio, pero ha afirmado categóricamente que «estas imágenes no tienen precedente».
El escaneo muestra estructuras del cerebro, como la amígdala, en un detalle vívido, una imagen que podría permitir un entendimiento de cómo la anatomía pudiese relacionarse a desórdenes o enfermedades.
Desde luego que se requerirán más estudios de esta naturaleza para llegar a estas conclusiones, si es que son posibles, pero lo que es claro es que el desarrollo de equipos médicos de alta tecnología cada vez es mayor.
Las imágenes cerebrales se tomaron de una mujer de 58 años que murió de neumonía viral.
Los investigadores del Hospital General de Massachusetts, en Boston, estudiaron con la resonancia magnética el cerebro donado, que se presume era un órgano sano, que se preservó por cerca de tres años.
Antes de empezar el escaneo, los investigadores construyeron un gabinete esférico de uretano que mantuvo al cerebro fijo y permitió que las burbujas de aire no interfirieran con el estudio.
Se tuvo que seguir un cuidadoso proceso de análisis para lograr las sorprendentes imágenes. La máquina usada se denomina 7 Tesla o 7T, y trabajó continuamente por casi cinco días de escaneo.
La fuerza de la 7T, el largo periodo requerido para escanear las imágenes y el hecho de que el cerebro estaba sin ningún movimiento, permitieron una serie de imágenes de muy alta resolución.
Las razones son sencillas. Por una parte, no hay persona que tolere 100 horas de escaneos y además, incluso pequeños movimientos como los que vienen de respirar pueden hacer que las imágenes salgan borrosas.
Obstáculos para la captura.
Los investigadores aclaran que no se pueden tomar este tipo de imágenes de cerebros de personas vivas.
Las razones son sencillas. Por una parte, no hay persona que tolere 100 horas de escaneos y además, incluso pequeños movimientos como los que vienen de respirar pueden hacer que las imágenes salgan borrosas.
Este es solo el inicio
La Administración estadounidense para alimentos y drogas aprobó el primer escáner 7T para imágenes clínicas en el 2017.
Hoy muchos centros médicos en los Estados Unidos ya tienen este tipo de aparatos, los cuales se usan para diagnosticar y estudiar diversas enfermedades.
Una ventaja de las detalladas imágenes es que pueden dar ciertas pistas a los investigadores para hallar puntos de anormalidades involucradas en desórdenes médicos como el estado de coma o bien en una situación psiquiátrica como la depresión.
Las imágenes «tienen el potencial de avanzar en el entendimiento del cerebro humano, ya sea en su anatomía, en salud y enfermedad«, escribieron los autores del trabajo.
UNOCERO
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